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The New Zealand AM class of electric multiple unit (EMU) is under construction for the electrification of Auckland's railway network. The class was introduced in 2014 with the first unit having arrived in September 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Auckland's first new electric train on its way )〕 The units are classified AM (Auckland Metro), with the driving motor car with pantograph classified AMP, the middle trailer car AMT and the driving motor car without pantograph AMA. The trains are operated by Transdev Auckland for Auckland Transport under the AT Metro brand. ==History == In February 2010, an "industry engagement document" preceding the formal call for tenders was published, calling for 114 EMU cars in 38 three-car sets, capable of being coupled as six-car trains, the maximum Auckland's stations can handle. The tender also included 13 electric locomotives. The sets would have seated around 240 passengers. While the document specified only a small number of elements, it required a speed of 110 km/h for fully laden trains, a minimum design life of 35 years and the ability to climb the steep grades of the proposed city link. The expected value of the contract was approximately $500 million. In December 2010, there was concern that government handling of the tender could be placing the process into doubt, with four tenderers out of the ten shortlisted having withdrawn. One of them, Bombardier Transportation, criticised the government for initially shortlisting four companies then extending it to ten, which in their view created a lack of confidence in the tendering process. Also criticised has been the fact that KiwiRail had "effectively prevented" their facilities in Hillside and Lower Hutt from tendering for the contract or parts of the contract, settling for encouraging overseas tenderers to include some local component. This, together with the refusal to allow local manufacturing to build railway wagons, was seen by groups such as unions and newspaper commenters as a sign that KiwiRail/the Government was unwilling to support New Zealand rail manufacturing. In April 2011, it was confirmed that the shortlist had been reduced to two, with the contract expected to be awarded several months later. Still uncertain was ownership of the trains, with Auckland Transport preferring to take ownership rather than being owned by KiwiRail. The Rail & Maritime Transport Union favoured this course, as it would ensure that they cannot be sold by the government at a later stage.〔 Auckland Council transport committee chairman Mike Lee noted that it would be inappropriate that Auckland would be expected to pay back a government loan for the trains (unlike recent Wellington train purchases), yet could end up not owning the trains. In August 2011, it was confirmed that the tender specification had been changed to 57 three-car EMUs (approximately 50% more than before) and no locomotives, reducing long-term maintenance costs. All trains would be able to use the City Rail Link, which might not have been possible for locomotive-hauled carriages as they would not have met performance and fire rating requirements. The purchase price includes a 12-year maintenance contract.〔 On the funding side, after long negotiations between Auckland Council/Auckland Transport and the government, it was declared that the trains would be owned by Auckland, with Auckland paying approximately half of the cost from rates, as well as paying annual track access charges to KiwiRail and any potential purchase price increases as the winning tenderer is finalised.〔 On 6 October 2011 it was announced that Spanish rolling stock builder Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) had been selected. Further information regarding the trains was also released, including artist's impressions resembling the Class 4000 DMUs for NI Railways, built by CAF. A mock-up was unveiled in June 2012,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sneak peek: Auckland's new electric trains )〕 and was on display at MOTAT. The mock-up is a hybrid of motor car and trailer sections - the actual layout is different, with greater length in each section. Production of the first unit was underway in October 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Auckland Transport October 2012 Business Report, Item 8.2, page 44 )〕 In mid 2013, it was announced that the first train had been shipped, and was to arrive in Auckland by September 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Auckland's first electric trains on track in April despite setbacks )〕 It arrived at the Ports of Auckland on 24 August 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bring forward rail link or face gridlock - Auckland mayor )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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